Kickstarting an immune system reboot.

Tr1X’s cells work the same way as naturally occurring Tr1 cells by homing to sites of inflammation, suppressing unwanted activity, and boosting production of patients’ own regulatory T cells to reset the immune system and restore tolerance.

A Journey Decades in the Making

From foundational discovery to life-changing therapies.

Built on decades of immunological research, Tr1X was founded to translate breakthrough academic findings in regulatory T cell biology into viable, scalable treatments for patients worldwide.

2010

Tr1 Cells are differentiated in vitro using tolerogenic dendritic cells.

(Gregori et al. Blood. 2010;116(6):935-44)

2009

Tr1 Cells are found in patients with tolerance following allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

(D. Wintjens et al. J of Crohn’s and Colitis 15, 391-400)

2013

Naturally occurring Tr1 cell marker expression characterized.

(Gagliani et al. Nat Med. 2013; 19, 739–746)

2012

First demonstration that IL-10 engineered human CD4+ T cells acquire Tr1 cell functions.

(Andolfi et al. Mol Ther. 2012; 20(9): 1778–1790)

2017

Proof that IL-10 engineered human CD4+ Tr1 cells prevent GvHD in preclinical models.

(Locafaro et al. Mol Ther. 2017 ;25(10):2254-2269)

2014

Results from first in human trial with in vitro differentiated Tr1 cells.

(Bacchetta et al. Front Immunol. 2014;5:16)

2021

Evidence that in vitro generated Tr1 cells persist long term in patients following their administration.

(Chen et al. Sci Transl Med. 2021;13(617):eabf5264)

2019

Preliminary results from second generation in vitro differentiated Tr1 cell trial in patients undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

(Agarwal et al. ASTCT 2019; 411:26(3), S272-S273)

2024

First engineered Tr1 cells dosed in human subjects.

Foundational Tr1 cell characteristics

A scalable, modular platform that leverages unique Tr1 cell biology.

Master Regulators of Immune Homeostasis.

Tr1 cells prevent and downregulate undesired immune responses to pathogenic and non-pathogenic antigens and are associated with long-term tolerance across many different conditions.

M.G. Roncarolo et al. Immunity 49, 1004–1019 (2018).

Natural Homing to Sites of Inflammation

Tr1 cells express a series of chemokine receptors that enable them to traffic to the sites of inflammation in the body, allowing for local, targeted delivery of desired cytokines.

H. Yu et al. PNAS 114, 10443–10448 (2017).

Capable of Tackling the NLRP3 Inflammasome

Tr1 cells, unlike Foxp3⁺ Tregs, inhibit the transcription of pro–IL-1β mRNA, inflammasome-mediated activation of caspase-1, and secretion of mature IL-1β.

Y. Yao et al. J Immunol 195, 488–497 (2015).

Stable and Long Lived, Even Under Inflammatory Conditions

Tr1 cells were detectable in the peripheral blood of stem cell transplant patients up to 1 year after administration, proving their longevity and stability.

P. P. Chen et al. Sci Trans Med 13, eabf5264 (2021).

The TRX Platform

We leverage our proprietary genetic reprogramming and closed system production processes to overcome many of the current limitations of cell therapies.

Including several characteristics that are exclusively tied to Tr1 cells, which underpin all of our products.

The TRX Platform

We leverage our proprietary genetic reprogramming and closed system production processes to overcome many of the current limitations of cell therapies.

Including several characteristics that are exclusively tied to Tr1 cells, which underpin all of our products.

Scalable Production

Tr1-like Components

Homing & Stability

Scalable Production

Manufactured through a modular, highly scalable process capable of delivering high-purity, high-dose products across therapeutic programs.

Tr1-like Components

Engineered for localized immune suppression, high IL-10 secretion, co-inhibitory receptor expression, inflammasome downregulation, and tissue repair support.

Homing & Stability

Designed to migrate to inflammatory sites via chemokine signaling and remain stable without converting into effector T cells — even in hostile inflammatory environments.

Scalable Production

Our cells are produced using a highly scalable and modular production process, allowing for the generation of multiple products at high purity levels and high dose quantities.